The Effect of Decreased Intensity of Physical Activity in Former Athletes on the Incidence of Depression: Literature Review English
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Abstract
In general, physical activity is needed for athletes. Doing physical activity will also have a good impact on the body so this indicates that physical activity can be a measure of individual health. However, after the end of an athlete's career, there is a decrease in the intensity of physical activity which causes a negative impact in the form of depression on former athletes. This article was prepared using the systematic literature review method which aims to provide information about the effect of decreasing the intensity of physical activity in former athletes on the incidence of depression. The articles used were obtained from the Garba Digital Reference (GARUDA) database and PubMed. There were 7 relevant journal articles based on the selection results by adjusting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results obtained in this article are evidence of the effect of reducing the intensity of physical exercise has a negative impact on former athletes. Many psychological problems arise, such as frustration and depression. Although there are many environmental factors that affect psychological disorders, but with the routine physical exercise that is usually done by a former athlete has more impact on his psychological condition.
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The Effect of Decreased Intensity of Physical Activity in Former Athletes on the Incidence of Depression: Literature Review: English. (2025). Journal of Physical Activity (JPA), 4(1). https://doi.org/10.58343/4kh84279
References
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Dirgayunita, A. (2016). Depresi: Ciri, Penyebab dan Penangannya. Journal An-Nafs: Kajian Penelitian Psikologi, 1(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.33367/psi.v1i1.235
Fossati, C., Torre, G., Vasta, S., Giombini, A., Quaranta, F., Papalia, R., & Pigozzi, F. (2021). Physical exercise and mental health: The routes of a reciprocal relation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312364
Hind, K., Konerth, N., Entwistle, I., Hume, P., Theadom, A., Lewis, G., King, D., Goodbourn, T., Bottiglieri, M., Ferraces-Riegas, P., Ellison, A., & Chazot, P. (2022). Mental Health and Wellbeing of Retired Elite and Amateur Rugby Players and Non-contact Athletes and Associations with Sports-Related Concussion: The UK Rugby Health Project. Sports Medicine, 52(6), 1419–1431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01594-8
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Irandoust, K., Taheri, M., Chtourou, H., Nikolaidis, P. T., Rosemann, T., & Knechtle, B. (2019). Effect of time-of-day-exercise in group settings on level of mood and depression of former elite male athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193541
Kerr, Z. Y., DeFreese, J. D., & Marshall, S. W. (2014). Current physical and mental health of former collegiate athletes. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 2(8), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967114544107
Kerr, Z. Y., Evenson, K. R., Rosamond, W. D., Mihalik, J. P., Guskiewicz, K. M., & Marshall, S. W. (2014). Association between concussion and mental health in former collegiate athletes. Injury Epidemiology, 1(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-014-0028-x
Lyu, C., Ma, R., Hager, R., & Porter, D. (2022). The relationship between resilience, anxiety, and depression in Chinese collegiate athletes. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(August), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.921419
Russell, E. R., McCabe, T., Mackay, D. F., Stewart, K., Maclean, J. A., Pell, J. P., & Stewart, W. (2020). Mental health and suicide in former professional soccer players. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 91(12), 1256–1260. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-323315
Schuring, N., Aoki, H., Gray, J., Kerkhoffs, G. M. M. J., Lambert, M., & Gouttebarge, V. (2017). Osteoarthritis is associated with symptoms of common mental disorders among former elite athletes. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 25(10), 3179–3185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-016-4255-2
Simon, J. E., Lorence, M., & Docherty, C. L. (2021). Health-Related Quality of Life in Former National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Collegiate Athletes Compared With Noncollegiate Athletes: A 5-Year Follow-Up. Journal of Athletic Training, 56(3), 13–15. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0107.20
Street, J. H., Boos, Z. P., Fial, A., Lennon, S. L., Smith, C. S., Creasy, S. A., Hunter, S. K., Farquhar, W. B., & Capin, J. J. (2023). Long-term function, body composition and cardiometabolic health in midlife former athletes: a scoping review. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 9(4), e001605. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001605
Suryanti, & Ikayulianti, Y. (2022). Tertawa Menurunkan Tingkat Depresi. 1–23. http://tahtamedia.co.id/index.php/issj/article/view/135
Syofian, M., & Gazali, N. (2021). Hubungan Antara Depresi, Kecemasan dan Stress dengan Motivasi Berprestasi Atlet Putri Selama Pandemi Covid 19. Journal of Sport Education ( JOPE ), 3(2), 63–74.
Tarazi, A., Tator, C. H., Wennberg, R., Ebraheem, A., Green, R. E. A., Collela, B., Saverino, C., Khodadadi, M., Misquitta, K., & Tartaglia, M. C. (2018). Motor Function in Former Professional Football Players with History of Multiple Concussions. Journal of Neurotrauma, 35(8), 1003–1007. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2017.5290
Walton, C. C., Rice, S., Gao, C. X., Butterworth, M., Clements, M., & Purcell, R. (2021). Gender differences in mental health symptoms and risk factors in australian elite athletes. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000984
Walton, S. R., Kerr, Z. Y., Brett, B. L., Chandran, A., Defreese, J. D., Smith-Ryan, A. E., Stoner, L., Echemendia, R. J., McCrea, M., Meehan, W. P., & Guskiewicz, K. M. (2021). Health-promoting behaviours and concussion history are associated with cognitive function, mood-related symptoms and emotional-behavioural dyscontrol in former NFL players: An NFL-LONG Study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 55(12), 683–690. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103400
Wirayasa, I. K., Suyasa, I. G. P. D., Wulandari, I. A., & Parwati, N. W. M. (2022). Hubungan Tingkat Aktivitas Fisik Dengan Kejadian Depresi Pada Lansia Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Keperawatan Sumba (JKS), 1(1), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.31965/jks.v1i1.846
Dimitriadou, K., Dallas, C., Papouliakos, S., & Dallas, G. (2022). Quality of Life, Level of Anxiety and Level of Depression Among Former Artistic Gymnasts, Former Gymnasts From Other Sports and Nonathletes. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 14(3), 391–399. https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.14.3.391-399
Dirgayunita, A. (2016). Depresi: Ciri, Penyebab dan Penangannya. Journal An-Nafs: Kajian Penelitian Psikologi, 1(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.33367/psi.v1i1.235
Fossati, C., Torre, G., Vasta, S., Giombini, A., Quaranta, F., Papalia, R., & Pigozzi, F. (2021). Physical exercise and mental health: The routes of a reciprocal relation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312364
Hind, K., Konerth, N., Entwistle, I., Hume, P., Theadom, A., Lewis, G., King, D., Goodbourn, T., Bottiglieri, M., Ferraces-Riegas, P., Ellison, A., & Chazot, P. (2022). Mental Health and Wellbeing of Retired Elite and Amateur Rugby Players and Non-contact Athletes and Associations with Sports-Related Concussion: The UK Rugby Health Project. Sports Medicine, 52(6), 1419–1431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01594-8
Irandoust, K., Taheri, M., Chtourou, H., Nikolaidis, P. T., Rosemann, T., & Knechtle, B. (2019). Effect of time-of-day-exercise in group settings on level of mood and depression of former elite male athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193541
Irandoust, K., Taheri, M., Chtourou, H., Nikolaidis, P. T., Rosemann, T., & Knechtle, B. (2019). Effect of time-of-day-exercise in group settings on level of mood and depression of former elite male athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193541
Kerr, Z. Y., DeFreese, J. D., & Marshall, S. W. (2014). Current physical and mental health of former collegiate athletes. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 2(8), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967114544107
Kerr, Z. Y., Evenson, K. R., Rosamond, W. D., Mihalik, J. P., Guskiewicz, K. M., & Marshall, S. W. (2014). Association between concussion and mental health in former collegiate athletes. Injury Epidemiology, 1(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-014-0028-x
Lyu, C., Ma, R., Hager, R., & Porter, D. (2022). The relationship between resilience, anxiety, and depression in Chinese collegiate athletes. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(August), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.921419
Russell, E. R., McCabe, T., Mackay, D. F., Stewart, K., Maclean, J. A., Pell, J. P., & Stewart, W. (2020). Mental health and suicide in former professional soccer players. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 91(12), 1256–1260. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-323315
Schuring, N., Aoki, H., Gray, J., Kerkhoffs, G. M. M. J., Lambert, M., & Gouttebarge, V. (2017). Osteoarthritis is associated with symptoms of common mental disorders among former elite athletes. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 25(10), 3179–3185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-016-4255-2
Simon, J. E., Lorence, M., & Docherty, C. L. (2021). Health-Related Quality of Life in Former National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Collegiate Athletes Compared With Noncollegiate Athletes: A 5-Year Follow-Up. Journal of Athletic Training, 56(3), 13–15. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0107.20
Street, J. H., Boos, Z. P., Fial, A., Lennon, S. L., Smith, C. S., Creasy, S. A., Hunter, S. K., Farquhar, W. B., & Capin, J. J. (2023). Long-term function, body composition and cardiometabolic health in midlife former athletes: a scoping review. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 9(4), e001605. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001605
Suryanti, & Ikayulianti, Y. (2022). Tertawa Menurunkan Tingkat Depresi. 1–23. http://tahtamedia.co.id/index.php/issj/article/view/135
Syofian, M., & Gazali, N. (2021). Hubungan Antara Depresi, Kecemasan dan Stress dengan Motivasi Berprestasi Atlet Putri Selama Pandemi Covid 19. Journal of Sport Education ( JOPE ), 3(2), 63–74.
Tarazi, A., Tator, C. H., Wennberg, R., Ebraheem, A., Green, R. E. A., Collela, B., Saverino, C., Khodadadi, M., Misquitta, K., & Tartaglia, M. C. (2018). Motor Function in Former Professional Football Players with History of Multiple Concussions. Journal of Neurotrauma, 35(8), 1003–1007. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2017.5290
Walton, C. C., Rice, S., Gao, C. X., Butterworth, M., Clements, M., & Purcell, R. (2021). Gender differences in mental health symptoms and risk factors in australian elite athletes. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000984
Walton, S. R., Kerr, Z. Y., Brett, B. L., Chandran, A., Defreese, J. D., Smith-Ryan, A. E., Stoner, L., Echemendia, R. J., McCrea, M., Meehan, W. P., & Guskiewicz, K. M. (2021). Health-promoting behaviours and concussion history are associated with cognitive function, mood-related symptoms and emotional-behavioural dyscontrol in former NFL players: An NFL-LONG Study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 55(12), 683–690. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103400
Wirayasa, I. K., Suyasa, I. G. P. D., Wulandari, I. A., & Parwati, N. W. M. (2022). Hubungan Tingkat Aktivitas Fisik Dengan Kejadian Depresi Pada Lansia Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Keperawatan Sumba (JKS), 1(1), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.31965/jks.v1i1.846